Ceres, dwarf planet, the largest asteroid in the main asteroid belt, and the first asteroid to be discovered. Ceres is 590 miles (950 km) across and was discovered in 1801. Ceres was the first asteroid ever discovered, in 1801, and it's still the largest body in the asteroid belt.
It revolves around the Sun once in 4.61 Earth years at a mean distance of 2.77 astronomical units. Astronomers began to wonder if they had, in fact, stumbled across a whole new category of objects. Ceres, also known as 1 Ceres, is the smallest dwarf planet in the Solar System and the only one in the main asteroid belt..

ESA’s Herschel space observatory has discovered water vapour around Ceres, the first unambiguous detection of water vapour around an object in the asteroid belt. Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer who discovered (January 1, 1801) and named the first asteroid, or “minor planet,” Ceres. From 1800 to 1806, other similar objects were discovered in Ceres’ neighborhood. With a diameter of 950 km, Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Piazzi became a Theatine priest about 1764 and a professor of theology in Rome in 1779, and in 1780 he was appointed professor of higher mathematics at the Academy of Science. Nowadays, we call it a dwarf planet, and a spacecraft has been orbiting it! Dozens of Ice Volcanoes Discovered on Nearby Dwarf Planet. In 1802, William Herschel chose the term “asteroid”, coined by the Greek scholar Charles Burney Jr., to describe them. Jan. 22, 2014: Scientists using the Herschel space observatory have made the first definitive detection of water vapor on the largest and roundest object in the asteroid belt, dwarf planet Ceres. NASA's Dawn mission has found evidence for organic material on Ceres, a dwarf planet and the largest body in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres was named after the ancient Roman grain goddess and the patron goddess of Sicily. Intuitively, this makes sense.

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