Venera missions just blow my mind, more so, even, than the Moon landings. Accomplishments: The flyby spacecraft sent back data on the solar wind, gamma-ray bursts, ultraviolet radiation and Venus' ionosphere.It passed the planet at a distance of about 35,000 km (about 22,000 miles). A photo of the Venera 10 landing site showed a smoother surface than that of its twin. Improved photomultipliers allowed measurements to be taken with a low energy threshold of 45-65 keV during the first 10 months of operation. The Venera 13 works, ... and perhaps the first to record sound on another planet. Science The data from Venera 13 & 14 produced a confirmed gamma-ray burst event of 1 … Venera 13 landed at 7° 30 minutes South by 303°, just east of the eastern extension of an elevated region known as Phoebe Regio. The small image size was part of the original plan, and was determined by the slow telemetry rates and an estimated 30-minute lifetime. Not only did they land onto an incredibly inhospitable surface (and sent _digital_ pictures from there before digital cameras were invented), they also did multi-stage missions where they'd first fly to Venus, and from there do a Halley comet approach. 437.7 days) set by Valeri Polyakov. Goals: This mission, like its twin Venera 11, called for a flyby spacecraft and a lander to explore Venus' ionosphere, atmosphere and surface and the interplanetary environment. Venera 10 transmitted for a record 65 minutes from the surface, although it was designed to last only 30 minutes.
Bursts were recorded over the energy range 50-800 keV.
Venera 13 (Russian: Венера-13) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity and launched 5 days apart, Venera 13 on 1981-10-30 at 06:04:00 UTC and Venera 14 on 1981-11-04 at 05:31:00 UTC, both with an on-orbit dry mass of 760 kg. This increased the event analysis time by a factor of 4, and the recording threshold was reduced 30%. USA: Mir: 1995: First Record longest duration spaceflight (i.e.
Venera 13: 1982: First Venus soil samples and sound recording of another world.
It survived for 2 h 7 min in an environment with a temperature of 457°C and a pressure of 89 earth atmospheres. Groza (Russian for thunder) is a 5-channel reconstruction of the sounds recorded by the Groza instrument on Venera 13. USA: Voyager 1: 1990: First photograph of the whole Solar System (by NASA). Even today this would be pretty nuts to pull off, for anyone. Groza is informed by the classical notion of the music of the spheres, the history of field recording, music concrete, ambient music and science fiction soundtracks. USSR: STS-41-B: 1984: First untethered spacewalk, Bruce McCandless II (by NASA).